Analysis of current γ knife stability testing status in medical institutions / 中国职业医学

@#Abstract: Objective To follow up and evaluate the stability testing status of γ stereotactic radiotherapy system (hereinafter γ knife WS 582-2017 Specifications for Testing of Quality Control in X and γ referred to ) in medical institutions based on the RayStereotactic Radiotherapy System WS 582-2017 Methods (hereinafter referred to ). A total of 43 medical institutions using γ knife and 54 medical physics personnel were recruited as the research subjects by random sampling method. Based on the - - standard tracking evaluation method, we followed up the evaluation of γ knife stability testing based on WS 582 2017. Results - Only 66.7% of the 54 subjects preformed WS 582 2017 in their daily work. Only 30.2% (all were tertiary hospital) of 43 medical institutions were equipped with complete quality control and testing equipment. The implementation rate of γ knife stability test was 67.4%, and it was not carried out in strict accordance with the test events and test cycle requirements - specified in the WS 582 2017. There were incomplete test events, incomplete records or test cycles that did not meet the Conclusion standard requirements in γ knife stability test. Medical institutions did not carry out γ knife stability tests in strict - accordance with the projects and cycle required by the WS 582 2017. The reasons are related to medical institutions are not equipped with complete testing equipment, the personnel are lack of understanding of relevant national standards, the poor publicity and implementation of the standards, the lack of standardized training channels and inadequate health supervision.

Testing System for Analyzing Directionally-specific Postural Adjustments Indued by Plantar Vibratory Stimulation / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To construct a testing system for the effects of plantar surface vibration stimulation on the human postural adjustments, and to explore its practicability. Methods:The mechanical device and control system providing vibration stimulation were designed and built. Twenty-five healthy teachers and students (aged 19~29 years) were recruited from our college to participate in the experimental study from 2nd to 6th, October, 2019. The amplitudes of postural response were compared following non-stimulation and stimulation at left forefoot, left heel, right forefoot, right heel, left foot, right foot, double forefoot, double heels of each subject at the 20 Hz, 40 Hz, 60 Hz and 80 Hz vibrations, respectively. Results:The amplitude of the center of pressure response under foot cutaneous stimulation increased compared with the response amplitude under non-vibration conditions (P < 0.05). Conclusion:The locations of vibration as well as different vibration parameters (such as frequency, amplitude) could be adjusted, and the information of postural response to vibratory stimulation of the plantar surface, especially the excursion of center of pressure could be collected in the system which can be applied in the experimental study on the human posture control.

Effect of Huangqin Qingre Chubi Capsules containing serum on oxidative stress and protein expression of AMPK and FoxO3a in rheumatoid arthritis patients / 中国中药杂志

To study the effect of Huangqin Qingre Chubi Capsules containing serum on the protein expressions of AMPK and FoxO3 a in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA), in order to explore the mechanism of anti-oxidation. Peripheral anticoagulant was collected from patients and normal people. Monocytes(PBMC) were isolated through density gradient centrifugation, and the logarithmic phase cells were cultured. Drug containing serum was prepared through intragastric admini-stration to SD rats. The rats were divided into five groups, namely normal group, model group, AMPK blocker group(compound C 10 μmol·L~(-1)), medium-dose HQC+AMPK blocker group, and middle-dose HQC group. The cell inhibition rate was calculated by MTT method. The levels of IL-1β, IL-4, LPO, MDA, SOD and TAOC were detected by ELISA. The expressions of AMPK, p-AMPK, p-FoxO3 a and FoxO3 a were detected by Western blot. The HQC containing serum had an inhibitory effect on human monocytes in peripheral blood. The best concentration was observed in middle-dose HQC, and the best time was 24 hours. Middle-dose HQC group was better than model group, AMPK blocker group and middle-dose HQC + AMPK blocker group in terms of increase of SOD, p-AMPK, p-FoxO3 a and decrease of LPO. It was better than model group and AMPK blocker group in terms of increase of IL-4, TAOC, AMPK, FoxO3 a and decrease of IL-1β, MDA. The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The HQC containing serum may increase the levels of TAOC and SOD, decrease the level of MDA and LPO, activate AMPK, directly phosphorylate FOXO3 a, enhance its transcriptional activity, and improve the state of oxidative stress in RA patients.

The Generic Strategy of PEGylated Liposomal Doxorubicin / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the generic strategy of doxorubicin liposome®. METHODS: Referencing literatures,the development and technical characteristics of Doxil® were reviewed. FDA guidance of the liposome was referred, and combined with experience in research and development, the generic strategy of Doxil® was summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Generic strategy of liposomes need to analyze the final formulation, process formulation and preparation of Reference list drug (RLD). Using QbD principle to determine the appropriate formulation process conditions. Reasonable quality control and key attributes were determined according to product characteristics, appropriate evaluation methods and standards were established, and overall quality comparison was made between generic drug and RLD. Studies on bioequivalence of liposome drugs in vivo need to compare the pharmacokinetic behavior of free drugs and encapsulated drugs and even metabolite at the same time.

Effects of moxibustion on learning and memory ability and the hippocampal BDNF/TrkB expressions in the rats of vascular dementia / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effects of (resolving stasis, promoting collateral circulation) moxibustion on learning and memory ability and the expressions of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in the rats of vascular dementia (VD) in the microenvironment of neurovascular niche.@*METHODS@#Using 2-vessel occlusion (2-VO), the VD rat models were duplicated. The neural stem cells (NSCs) labeled with lentiviral vector-mediated enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were co-cultured with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to structure the NSCs + EPCs implant. The implant was transplanted into the lateral ventricle of VD rats and the VD rat models with neurovascular niche were established. In No.1 experiment, the successful-modeled rats were divided into 3 groups, i.e. a NSCs + EPCs moxibustion group, a NSCs + EPCs blank group and a model group, 12 rats in each one. No any treatment was provided in the model group and the NSCs + EPCs blank group. The moxibustion therapy was adopted in the NSCs + EPCs moxibustion group, in which, the suspending moxibustion technique was applied to "Baihui" (GV 20), "Dazhui" (GV 14) and "Shenting" (GV 24), 20 min at each acupoint. The treatment was given once every day and a 14-day treatment was as one course. Totally, 3 courses of treatment were required. At the end of treatment, Morris water maze experiment was adopted to determine the learning and memory ability of the rats in each group. In the No.2 experiment, the model rats were divided into 3 groups, a NSCs + EPCs moxibustion group, a NSCs + EPCs blank group and a model group, 18 rats in each one. In each group, according to the durations of treatment, 3 subgroups were divided and 6 rats in each one. The intervention method was same as the No.1 experiment. Additionally, after corresponding treatment course, using perfusion, the brains were collected in each subgroup and the slices were frozen. BDNF/TrkB expressions were observed in the immunofluorescence test.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, in the NSCs + EPCs moxibustion group, the escape incubation was reduced, the time of the first running-cross platform was shortened and the frequency of running-cross platform increased as compared with the model group and the NSCs + EPCs blank group (<0.01, <0.05). The protein expressions were increased in tendency among the 3 courses of treatment in the NSCs + EPCs moxibustion group, indicating the significant differences (all <0.05), in which, the increase of the protein expressions in the NSCs + EPCs moxibustion group was better than the NSCs + EPCs blank group (<0.05, <0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The moxibustion therapy is the effective approach to VD in clinical treatment. This therapy up-regulates the BDNF/TrkB protein expressions in the microenvironment of neurovascular niche, co-modulates NSCs-EPCs coupling mechanism, promotes nerve neogenesis and repairs the injured nerve.

Preparation of thermosensitive intestinal gels of Houttuynia cordata volatile oils HPCD inclusion compound / 中成药

AIM To prepare the thermosensitive intestinal gels of Houttuynia cordata Thunb volatile oils hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) inclusion compound.METHODS For the gels prepared by cold dissolving method,poloxamer 407 consumption and poloxamer 188 consumption were taken as influencing factors,together with phase transition temperature as an evaluation index,central composite design-response surface method was applied to optimizing the formulation.With 2-undecanone as an index component,the gels' dissolution rate and in vitro release rate were investigated by non-membrane dissolution method and dialysis bag method respectively,whose stability was then evaluated by high temperature (40,60 ℃),low temperature (4 ℃),strong light [(4 500 ±500) 1x] and acceleration (three months) tests.RESULTS The optimal conditions were determined to be 20.61％ for P407 consumption and 3.03％ for P188 consumption,the phase transition temperature was 36.5 ℃.Within the time range of 30-150 min,the HPCD inclusion compound gels exhibited higher accumulative dissolution rate than the volatile oils gels,which tended to be consistent in 150-210 min,but the former exhibited higher accmulative release rate (0-50 h) than the latter all the time.The obtained gels showed good stability at low temperature,whose appearance,characteristic (except for high temperature) and pH were stable at high temperature,strong light and acceleration with obviously decreased 2-undecanone content.CONCLUSION The thermosensitive intestinal gels of Houttuynia cordata Thunb volatile oils HPCD inclusion compound should be stored at low temperature (4 ℃).

Effects of astragalus polysaccharide on renal TGF-β1 /Smads signaling pathway in rats with diabetes mellitus / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on renal TGF-β1/Smads signa-ling pathway in rats with diabetes mellitus(DM). Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into nor-mal group,DM group,APS low dose (APS-low) group and APS high dose (APS-high) group. Rats in APS-low group and APS-high group respectively received 200 and 400 mg·kg-1·d-1APS for 8 weeks. Con-centrations of fasting blood-glucose(FBG),blood urea nitrogen and creatinine,as well as urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and osteopontin (OPN) were measured. Levels of TGF-β1,Smad2,phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2),Smad3,phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3),Smad7,matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2,MMP-9,tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 were investigated. Results Compared to control group,DM group had higher levels of FBG,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine KIM-1,OPN, TGF-β1,Smad2,p-Smad2,Smad3,p-Smad3,TIMP-1 and TIMP-2,but lower levels of Smad7,MMP-2 and MMP-9. APS significantly decreased the levels of FBG,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine KIM-1 and OPN, as well as inhibited the activity of TGF-β1/Smads sig-naling pathway. Conclusion The renoprotective effects of APS might be associated with the inhibition of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.

Comparative brain pharmacokinetic study of Jiaotai pills in normal and insomnic rats using brain microdialysis combinated with LC–MS/MS / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To compare the brain pharmacokinetics of five protoberberine-type alkaloids (i.e. berberine, palmatine, coptisine, epiberberine, and jatrorrhizine), which were the main bioactive constituents of Jiaotai Pills (JTP), in normal and insomnic rats orally administrated with JTP. Methods: The detection was conducted by a fully validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combinated with brain microdialysis method. Brain microdialysis probes were inserted into the hippocampus of rats. JTP extracts were administrated intragastrically and then brain microdialysates were collected at 30 min time intervals for 10 h. The separation of the five protoberberine-type alkaloids was carried out on a BDS Hypersil C18 column using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (containing 5 mmol ammonium acetate adjusted to pH 5.0) within 4 min. The quantification was performed by multiple reaction monitoring with the transitions of m/z 336.0-320.1 for berberine, m/z 352.0-336.1 for palmatine, m/z 338.0-322.1 for jatrorrhizine, m/z 336.0-320.1 for epiberberine, m/z 320.0-292.1 for coptisine and m/z 356.4-192.1 for IS. Results: The lower limit of quantification for five protoberberine-type alkaloids was 0.05 ng/mL. Linearity, accuracy, precision, stability and matrix effect of five analytes were all satisfactory. Five protoberberine-type alkaloids were quickly distributed in the brain. Moreover, significant differences in the principal pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC and T1/2 of the analytes were observed between two groups. Conclusion: The LC-MS/MS method combinated with microdialysis is useful in the brain pharmacokinetic study of five protoberberine-type alkaloids. The results indicated that the rates of analytes absorption in insomnic rats were significantly higher than those in normal rats. Besides, the protoberberine-type alkaloids could bring a direct effect on the neuron in the hippocampus.

Cyclovirobuxinum D alleviates cardiac hypertrophy in hyperthyroid rats by preventing apoptosis of cardiac cells and inhibiting the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the underlying mechanisms of cyclovirobuxinum D (Cvb-D) on alleviating cardiac hypertrophy in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group; levothyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy group (model); levothyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy + Cvb-D group (Cvb-D); levothyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy + captopril group (captopril); levothyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy + SB203580 group (SB203580), n=10 for each group. Rats were daily administered the respective drugs continuously for14 days by gastric gavage. A rat model of cardiac hypertrophy was established by intraperitoneal injection of levothyroxine to investigate whether Cvb-D protects against cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and preventing apoptosis of cardiac cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Treatment with Cvb-D significantly deceased left ventricle hypertrophy, improved the histopathology, hemodynamic conditions, and cardiac function in rats with cardiac hypertrophy. Compared with the normal control group, in rats with cardiac hypertrophy, expression of bax in the heart and phospho-p38 MAPK protein levels were significantly up-regulated (P<0.01 or 0.05), whereas the bcl-2 protein level was down-regulated (P<0.01). In contrast, Cvb-D treatment reversed the changes in bax and phospho-p38 MAPK protein levels but increased the bcl-2 protein level (P<0.01 or 0.05), and these effects were similar to those of captopril and SB203580 (a specific p38MAPK inhibitor) treatment. Furthermore, both Cvb-D, captopril and SB203580 reduced mRNA expression of p38α, p38β, c-fos, and c-jun mRNA, and Cvb-D had a stronger effect (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results demonstrate that Cvb-D protects against cardiac hypertrophy, which is possibly mediated by prevention of cardiac cell apoptosis and inhibition of the p38MAPK signaling pathway.</p>

Study on urodynamics of SUI patients based on fluid-structure interaction model / 医用生物力学

Objective Aiming at solving the problem of the middle-aged and old women suffering from stress urinary incontinence (SUI), which can seriously affect their physical and mental health, the numerical study on urodynamics in pelvic floor of the female urinary system is conducted. Methods According to the characteristics of interaction coupled between urine and pelvic organizations, the SUI urine dynamics model was established based on computational fluid dynamics. Thus, the stress, strain and displacement of the urine system, and the pressure or velocity distributions in the urine flow, were analyzed. Results The stress, strain and displacement of elastic structure in the urinary system fluctuated with time，which played the important role in the mechanical mechanism of SUI. Conclusions It is not only necessary but also available to apply the fluid-structure interaction model to study the urinary system of SUI, and the urodynamic simulations can provide the theoretical foundation and technological method for the prediction and assessment of SUI diseases in clinic.

Serum Levels of the Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Lumbar Radicular Pain Due to Disc Herniation

STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. PURPOSE: This study primarily aimed to evaluate the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-4 in patients with lumbar radiculopathy 1 and 12 months after microdiscectomy. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Lumbar radiculopathy is possibly caused by inflammatory changes in the nerve root. The intraneural application of pro-inflammatory cytokines induces behavioral signs associated with pain. Anti-inflammatory cytokine treatment effectively reduces hyperalgesia. METHODS: The role of TNF-α and IL-4 in long-lasting lumbar radiculopathy was addressed. A total of 262 patients were recruited from Anqing Hospital, Anhui Medical University. During inclusion at 1 and 12 months, serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-4 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and pain intensity was reported on a 0–10 cm visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: Sixty six patients had VAS <3 and 196 patients had VAS ≥3. Serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and anti-inflammatory IL-4 in patients with lumbar radiculopathy related to disc herniation were measured at 1- and 12-month follow-up. TNF-α decreased in both VAS groups with time. In contrast, IL-4 increased in both groups at 1 month and then decreased gradually until month 12. The changes in serum levels of TNF-α and IL-4 over time between the VAS ≥3 and VAS <3 groups were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic lumbar radiculopathy may be associated with high level of pro-inflammatory substances, such as TNF-α, in serum after disc herniation, and elevated anti-inflammatory cytokine in patients with lumbar radiculopathy may indicate a favorable outcome.

A new indole derivative from endophyte Myrothecium roridum IFB-E091 in Artemisia annua / 药学学报

Three compounds were isolated from solid culture of endophyte Myrothecium roridum IFB-E091 in Artemisia annua. Their structures were determined as (S)-(-)-N-[2-(3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-acetamide (1), N-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)acetamide (2) and asperfumoid (3), in which compound 1 was a new indole derivative. In cytotoxicity assay, the compound 1 had no obvious inhibition activity in human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 and human cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa.

Relations of synovial angiogenesis and PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in rats with adjuvant arthritis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the change of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rats with adjuvant arthritis and to explore the mechanism of neovasculization in rheumatoid arthritis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty rats were randomly divided into normal control group and model control group. The model control group were established the model of adjuvant arthritis using Freund's complete adjuvant. At 19 days after modeling, the expression of microvascular density (MVD), HIF-1α, VEGF were detected by ELISA assay and PTEN, PI3K, AKT were detected by Werstern Blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, paw swelling, arthritic index were increased, and the expression of MVD, VEGF, HIF-1α of serum, PI3K, AKT of synovial tissue were significantly increased, PTEN was significantly decreased in model control group. PI3K, HIF-1α were positively correlated with MVD; VEGF, AKT were positively correlated with paw swelling; PTEN was negatively correlated with the arthritis index; HIF-1α was positively correlated with VEGF; PI3K was positively correlated with AKT, PTEN was negatively correlated with PI3K, AKT, VEGF.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Imbalance of PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway in rats with adjuvant arthritis is one of the mechanisms of synovial neovasculization.</p>

Clinical application of stand-alone MC+PEEK cage in the anterior cervical fusion / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of clinical application of stand-alone MC+PEEK cage in anterior cervical fusion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2011 to January 2014,50 patients were treated with the MC+PEEK cage filled with autogenous cancellous illic-bone graft after anterior cervical discectomy. There were 22 patients with cervical spondylosis,26 patients with traumatic cervical disc herniation, 2 patients with cervical instability in these patients. There were 32 males and 18 females, aged from 30 to 79 years old with an average of 53.30 years old. There were 32 patients with single segment, 15 patients with double segments and 3 patients with three segments. Cervical AP and lateral and the flexion-extension X-rays were regularly taken in order to assess the cervical physiological curvature, the graft fusion and internal fixation related complications. Nerve function, clinical effect and bone fusion were respectively evaluated according to Japan Orthopedic Association (JOA), Otani grade and Suk method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 6 to 36 months with an average of 20 months. No correlated surgical complications were found and all patients obtained bony fusion with an average time of 4.30 months. JOA score had significantly improvement after surgery (P < 0.05). The JOA score was 10.60 ± 3.00 before surgery and 16.10 ± 2.20, 16.40 ± 2.35 at one week and six months after surgery respectively. According to Otani grade,40 cases got excellent results, 9 good, 1 fair. No significant dysphagia and internal fixation related complications such as displacement of cages were found during the follow-up period.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using this cage in anterior cervical fusion can obtain satisfactory clinical effect with less operation injury and reduce the complications. It is a better fusion method in anterior cervical fusion.</p>

Clinical research on the treatment of dacryocystitis combined with canalicular obstruction by dacryocystorhinostomy with canalicular intubation / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AlM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of treatment of dacryocystitis combined with canalicular obstruction by endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with canalicular intubation. METHODS: A total of 27 cases of dacryocystitis combined with canalicular obstruction were treated by endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with canalicular intubation. Canalicular obstruction was treated by laser under dacryoendoscopy and antegrade intubation. RESULTS: For 27 cases, operations were successful, with no complications. All patients were followed up for 6mo, 25 were cured, 2 were effective with no failed. The cure rate was 93%. CONCLUSlON:Treatment of dacryocystitis combined with canalicular obstruction by endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with canalicular intubation has clear field, minimal invasion, quick recovery, exact effect and less recurrence, so it is worthy of promotion.

A new cytochalasin from endophytic Phomopsis sp. IFB-E060 / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To study the chemical constituents of the solid culture of the endophyte Phomopsis sp. IFB-E060 in Vatica mangachapoi.@*METHOD@#Isolation and purification were performed through silica gel column chromatography, gel filtration over Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography, and HPLC. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic analyses (UV, CD, IR, MS, 1D, and 2D NMR). The cytotoxicity of the isolates was evaluated in vitro by the MTT method against the human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721.@*RESULTS@#Five compounds were isolated from the solid culture of the endophyte Phomopsis sp. IFB-E060 and their structures were identified as 18-methoxy cytochalasin J (1), cytochalasin H (2), (22E, 24S)-cerevisterol (3), ergosterol (4), and nicotinic acid (5). Compound 1 had an inhibition rate of 24.4% at 10 μg·mL(-1) and 2 had an IC50 value of 15.0 μg·mL(-1), while a positive control 5-fluorouracil had an inhibition rate of 28.7% at 10 μg·mL(-1).@*CONCLUSION@#18-Methoxy cytochalasin J (1), produced by endophytic Phomopsis sp. IFB-E060, is a new cytochalasin with weak cytotoxicity to the human hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721.

Effect of Busheng Huoxue Capsule on the quality of life of primary osteoporosis senile males / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Busheng Huoxue Capsule (BHC) on the quality of life (QOL) in senile male osteoporosis (OP) patients, and to explore its mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 200 senile primary OP patients were randomly assigned to two groups according to random digit table method, 100 in each group. Patients in the treatment group took BHC plus caltrate-D (600 mg CaCO3), while those in the control group took alendronate (70 mg per week) plus caltrate-D. The therapeutic course was 12 months for all. Chinese medical symptom score and quality of life (QUALEFFO-41) score, bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar vertebra (L2 -L4) and left femoral neck were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Serum free testosterone (FT) and estradiol (E2) were also measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Chinese medical symptom scores and QUALEFFO-41 scores, serum FT and E2 levels increased in the two groups after treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The therapeutic effect was superior in the treatment group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). After treatment the BMD of lumbar vertebra (L2 -L4) and the left femoral neck were somewhat improved (P < 0.05), but with no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BHC could effectively improve the QOL of senile male OP patients, which might be correlated with elevating the BMD levels and regulating the levels of sex hormones.</p>

Astragalus polysaccharides improved the cardiac function in Sjögren's syndrome model rats based on keap 1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway: a mechanism exploration / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) for improving the cardiac function of Sjogren's syndrome (SS) model rats based on Keapl-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups by random digit table, i.e., the blank control group,the model control group,the APS group, and the hydroxychloroquine group, 12 in each group. Except those in the blank control group, 0. 1 mL mixed antigen protein of sufficiently emulsified Freund's complete adjuvant and submandibular gland protein was injected from two feet plantar to induce SS model. The intervention was started from 19th day after inflammation induction. Equal volume of normal saline was given to rats in the blank control group (1 mL/100 g), APS was administered to those in the APS group (1 mg/100 g), and hydroxychloroquine (0.03 125 g/kg) was administered to those in the hydroxychloroquine group. All rats were intervened once per day for 30 consecutive days. Changes of rats' body mass and drinking water quantity, submandibular gland index, spleen index, histological changes of glands were observed. Changes of the heart function were monitored using invasive hemodynamics. Serum reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-35 (IL-35)were detected using ELISA method. The pathological changes were observed using HE staining. The protein expression of ROS, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), glutathione (GSH), and thioredoxin (TRX) were observed by immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expression of Keap1, Nrf2, and ARE was detected using real time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The protein expression levels of gamma-glutamic acid and a half long glycine synthetase (gamma-GCS) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the myocardial tissue were determined by Western blot method. Results Compared with the blank control group, the quantity of drinking water, submandibular gland index, spleen index, heart rate (HR), cardiac index (HI), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVEDP), MDA, ROS, TNF-alpha, ROS protein expression, RNS protein expression, Keap 1 mRNA expression, Maf mRNA expression, Nfr2 mRNA expression, and HO-1 protein expression, and gamma-GCS protein expression significantly increased (P <0.01); body mass, +/-dp/dtmax, SOD, TAC, IL-35, GSH, and TRX significantly decreased (P <0.01) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the quantity of drinking water, submandibular gland index, spleen index, LVEDP, MDA, ROS, TNF-alpha, ROS protein expression, RNS protein expression, Keap1 mRNA expression, Maf mRNA expression, Nfr2 mRNA expression, and HO-1 protein expression, and gamma-GCS protein expression significantly decreased (P<0.05); body mass, +/-dp/dtmax, SOD, TAC, IL-35, GSH protein expression, and TRX protein expression significantly increased (P < 0.05, P <0.01) in the AR group and the hydroxychloroquine group. In the hydroxychloroquine group HR increased (P <0.05). In the AR group HR and LVSP decreased (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Compared with the hydroxychloroquine group, HR, LVEDP, - dp/dtmax, y-GCS protein expression significantly decreased (P <0. 05, P <0. 01); SOD, TAC, GSH, TRX, HO-1 protein expression increased (P <0.01 )in the AR group. HI was positively correlated with ROS (P <0. 05). LVSP and LVEDP were positively correlated with Keap1 -Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways (P <0. 01) , and negatively correlated with TAC (P <0. 05, P <0. 01 ). +/-dp/dtmax was negatively correlated with Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways(P <0.05), and positively correlated with TNF alpha (P <0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Declined heart function exists in SS rats. The mechamechanism of APS for improving the heart function might be closely correlated with activating Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.</p>

Progress in the study of targeted drug delivery systems for cancer stem cells / 药学学报

The discovery, sorting and identification methods as well as targeted drug delivery systems for cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been reviewed by consulting the recent research papers. CSCs have been believed to be responsible for the occurrence and development of chemo-resistance, leading to the failure of chemotherapy. Much progress has been made in the approaches for CSCs targeting drug delivery systems. The understanding and targeted drug delivery systems for CSCs are promising to provide an alternative for cancer therapy.

Effects of shugan jianpi gusui recipe on multiple sclerosis recurrence: a primary report / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Shugan Jianpi Gusui Recipe (SJGR) on multiple sclerosis (MS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case cohort study was used. The MS patients were assigned to the test group (14 cases) and the control group (21 cases) according to whether they would combine with Chinese herbs. Corticosteroids or gamma globulin was administered to all patients in the acute phase. SJGR was administered to patients in the test group in the remission phase, while those in the control group were not treated or treated by azathioprine alone. They were followed-up for a long time after their first visits. The observation time ranged 10-131 successive months. The recurrence intervals and the yearly average recurrence times were calculated in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When compared with before treatment, the recurrence interval was obviously prolonged, and the yearly average recurrence times decreased in the test group after treatment with statistical difference (P < 0.05). There was statistical difference in the recurrence interval and the yearly average recurrence times between the test group and the control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SJGR showed better effects in prolonging the recurrence interval and reducing the yearly average recurrence times of MS patients. It is worth further researches.</p>